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Retention and radiative forcing of black carbon in eastern Sierra Nevada snow
K. M. Sterle,J. R. McConnell,J. Dozier,R. Edwards
The Cryosphere , 2013, DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-365-2013
Abstract: When contaminated by absorbing particles, such as refractory black carbon (rBC) and continental dust, snow's albedo decreases and thus its absorption of solar radiation increases, thereby hastening snowmelt. For this reason, an understanding of rBC's affect on snow albedo, melt processes, and radiation balance is critical for water management, especially in a changing climate. Measurements of rBC in a sequence of snow pits and surface snow samples in the eastern Sierra Nevada of California during the snow accumulation and ablation seasons of 2009 show that concentrations of rBC were enhanced sevenfold in surface snow (~25 ng g–1) compared to bulk values in the snowpack (~3 ng g–1). Unlike major ions, which were preferentially released during the initial melt, rBC and continental dust were retained in the snow, enhancing concentrations well into late spring, until a final flush occurred during the ablation period. We estimate a combined rBC and continental dust surface radiative forcing of 20 to 40 W m 2 during April and May, with dust likely contributing a greater share of the forcing.
Retention and radiative forcing of black carbon in Eastern Sierra Nevada snow
K. M. Sterle,J. R. McConnell,J. Dozier,R. Edwards
The Cryosphere Discussions , 2012, DOI: 10.5194/tcd-6-2247-2012
Abstract: Snow and glacier melt water contribute water resources to a fifth of Earth's population. Snow melt processes are sensitive not only to temperature changes, but also changes in albedo caused by deposition of particles such as refractory black carbon (rBC) and continental dust. The concentrations, sources, and fate of rBC particles in seasonal snow and its surface layers are uncertain, and thus an understanding of rBC's effect on snow albedo, melt processes, and radiation balance is critical for water management in a changing climate. Measurements of rBC in a sequence of snow pits and surface snow samples in the Eastern Sierra Nevada of California during the snow accumulation and melt seasons of 2009 show that concentrations of rBC were enhanced seven fold in surface snow (~25 ng g 1) compared to bulk values in the snow pack (~3 ng g 1). Unlike major ions which are preferentially released during initial melt, rBC and continental dust are retained in the snow, enhancing concentrations late into spring, until a final flush well into the melt period. We estimate a combined rBC and continental dust surface radiative forcing of 20 to 40 W m 2 during April and May, with dust likely contributing a greater share of the forcing than rBC.
Aktivizam i performans u Splitu
Sterle, Sandra
- , 2011,
Abstract: Hr？ak ID: 18668
Sturdy Positioning with High Sensitivity GPS Sensors Under Adverse Conditions
Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski,Oskar Sterle,Bojan Stopar
Sensors , 2010, DOI: 10.3390/s100908332
Abstract: High sensitivity GPS receivers have extended the use of GNSS navigation to environments which were previously deemed unsuitable for satellite signal reception. Under adverse conditions the signals become attenuated and reflected. High sensitivity receivers achieve signal reception by using a large number of correlators and an extended integration time. Processing the observation data in dynamic and rapidly changing conditions requires a careful and consistent treatment. Code-based autonomous solutions can cause major errors in the estimated position, due primarily to multipath effects. A custom procedure of autonomous GPS positioning has been developed, boosting the positioning performance through appropriate processing of code and Doppler observations. Besides the common positioning procedures, robust estimation methods have been used to minimise the effects of gross observation errors. In normal conditions, differential GNSS yields good results, however, under adverse conditions, it fails to improve significantly the receiver’s position. Therefore, a so-called conditional DGPS has been developed which determines the position differentially by using data from the strong signals only. These custom-developed procedures have been tested in different conditions in static and kinematic cases and the results have been compared to those processed by the receiver.
Constellation Design for Widely Linear Transceivers
Lipardi Maddalena,Mattera Davide,Sterle Fabio
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing , 2010,
Abstract: Constellation design has been previously addressed by assuming that there is a linear equalizer at the receiver side. However, the widely linear equalizer is well known to outperform the linear one with no significant complexity increase; we derive optimum and suboptimum techniques for constellation design in presence of such an equalizer. The proposed techniques adapt the circularity properties of the transmitted signals to the specific channel to be equalized; their performance analysis shows that also the simplest suboptimum procedure provides significant improvements over a fixed-constellation scheme.
Constellation Design for Widely Linear Transceivers
Maddalena Lipardi,Davide Mattera,Fabio Sterle
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing , 2010, DOI: 10.1155/2010/176587
Abstract: Constellation design has been previously addressed by assuming that there is a linear equalizer at the receiver side. However, the widely linear equalizer is well known to outperform the linear one with no significant complexity increase; we derive optimum and suboptimum techniques for constellation design in presence of such an equalizer. The proposed techniques adapt the circularity properties of the transmitted signals to the specific channel to be equalized; their performance analysis shows that also the simplest suboptimum procedure provides significant improvements over a fixed-constellation scheme.
Service and Document Based Interoperability for European eCustoms Solutions
Vogel,Tobias; Schmidt,Alexander; Lemm,Alexander; ？sterle,Hubert;
Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research , 2008, DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762008000200003
Abstract: innovative ecustoms solutions play an important role in the pan-european egovernment strategy. the underlying premise is interoperability postulating a common understanding of processes, services and the documents that are exchanged between business and government organizations as well as between governmental authorities of different eu member states. this article provides a stringent approach for deriving documents and services from current ecustoms procedures based on the un/cefact standards framework and for embedding these in a service oriented architecture for collaborative egovernment. in doing so, we put a special focus on document engineering by applying the un/cefact core component technical specification (ccts), a conceptual framework for modeling document components in a syntax neutral and technology independent manner. by relying on ccts, we want to tackle the challenge of handling different document configurations imposed by divergent national legislations, different customs procedures (export, import, transit, and excise) and different industries. the resulting conceptual model is transferred to xml schema serving as a basis for web services design and implementation. these web services are designed for seamless interoperable exchange of electronic customs documents between heterogeneous is landscapes both on business and government side. beyond the theoretical deduction practical insights are gained from a european research project implementing the artifacts proposed in a real-world setting.
Geodetska dela na novi mareografski postaji Koper : Geodetic Activities at the New Tide Gauge Station in Koper
Bojan Stopar,Bo？o Koler,Du？an Kogoj,Oskar Sterle
Geodetski Vestnik , 2006,
Abstract: Under the auspices of the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia a new state-of-the-art tide gauge station was set up in Koper. The paper presents the geodetic works that were performed in order to determine the position of the tide gauge station in theterrestrial reference system. All measurements were carried out during the testing period of the tide gauge, that is, from the end of 2005 until the begining of 2006.
Use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Technology for Long Term High Precision Deformation Monitoring
Rok Vezo？nik,Toma？ Ambro？i？,Oskar Sterle,Gregor Bilban,Norbert Pfeifer,Bojan Stopar
Sensors , 2009, DOI: 10.3390/s91209873
Abstract: The paper presents a new methodology for high precision monitoring of deformations with a long term perspective using terrestrial laser scanning technology. In order to solve the problem of a stable reference system and to assure the high quality of possible position changes of point clouds, scanning is integrated with two complementary surveying techniques, i.e., high quality static GNSS positioning and precise tacheometry. The case study object where the proposed methodology was tested is a high pressure underground pipeline situated in an area which is geologically unstable.
Realizacija geodezije v geotehniki : Realisation of geodesy in geotechnics
Bo？o Koler,Simona Sav？ek,Toma？ Ambro？i？,Oskar Sterle
Geodetski Vestnik , 2010,
Abstract: V prispevku so obravnavane aktivnosti geodezije za potrebe dolo itve premikov zemeljske skorje, lokalnih premikov zemeljske povr ine ter premikov in deformacij grajenih objektov. Dolo itev premikov v terestri ni horizontalni mre i, terestri ni vi inski mre i in mre iGNSS obravnavamo na dveh stopnjah natan nosti. Dejavnosti geodezije v geotehniki so razlo ene v besedilu prispevka in nazorno prikazane v preglednici. Pri ujo i prispevek je skupaj s prispevkom Geodezija vgeotehniki, objavljenim v Geodetskem vestniku 54(1), zaokro ena celota. ; This paper deals with surveying activities in order to define the displacement of the Earth’s crust, local displacements of the Earth’s surface, and the displacement and deformation of constructed buildings. The determinations of horizontal movements in the terrestrial network, in the terrestrial altitude network and in the GNSS network are dealt with at two levels of accuracy. Geotechnical surveying activities are explained in the paper and demonstrated in the table. The paper Geodesy in geotechnics, publishedin Geodetski vestnik 54(1), and this paper present an integral whole.
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